Mike Tyson Bites Ear
Important people involved Evander Holyfield’s and Mike Tyson
Date of event June 28th 1997
Taken place in a Boxing Match
What had happen was that

Holyfield came into the widely anticipated rematch even stronger than he had been for the first fight. In the first round, he hit Tyson hard with body shots while Tyson flailed away, ignoring the science of boxing his trainer had promised he would employ. By the end of the round, the crowd chanted Holyfield’s name, turning on the usual fan favorite Tyson. In the second round, Holyfield head-butted Tyson, opening a cut over Tyson’s right eye.

In the third round, Tyson lost what composure he had left. He spit out his mouthpiece, bit off a chunk out of Holyfield’s right ear and then spit it onto the canvas. Though Holyfield was in obvious pain the fight resumed after a brief stoppage, and then Tyson bit Holyfield’s other ear. With 10 seconds left in the third round, he was disqualified.

THE OUTCOME was that there was an injured player, and Tyson was disqualified

O.J Simpson arrested for double murder

• Important people involved were O.J Simpson, Nicole Simpson and Ronald Goldman
• Date of event June 12, 1994
• Event taken place in front of Nicole's apartment.

What had happen was Both victims were repeatedly stabbed and both had defensive wounds, attesting to their struggle in the attack. The Simpsons had been divorced for two years at the time of the murders. Their two children were asleep inside the apartment. The relationship between Nicole and Goldman has never been clearly defined. Evidence at the scene of the crime led police to suspect O.J.

The Outcome: O.J was arested later in time he was found not guilty.Both Nicole and Ronald were murdered

This event is important because O.J was acquitted for killing two people.

NFL Super Bowl XXIX San Francisco 49ERS VS San Diego Chargers

Important people involved: 49ers and the Chargers
Date of event: January 29,1995
Event taken place:Glen Dale Arizona

The 49ers wasted little time scoring, taking the lead for good on Young's 44-yard touchdown pass to Jerry Rice only three plays and 1:24 into the game. The next time they had the ball, the 49ers marched 79 yards in four plays, taking a 14-0 lead when Young teamed with running back Ricky on a 51-yard touchdown pass with 10:05 still to play in the opening period.

San Diego then put together its most impressive possession of the game, a 13-play, 78-yard drive that consumed more than seven minutes and was capped by matron Means' 1-yard touchdown run, to cut its deficit to 14-7 late in the quarter.

But San Francisco countered with a 70-yard drive of its own, and Young's 5-yard touchdown pass to fullback William Floyd made it 21-7. Young's fourth touchdown pass of the half, eight yards to Ricky 4:44 before halftime, increased the advantage to 28-7, and the Chargers could get no closer than 18 points after that.

Ricky, who ran nine yards for a touchdown in the third quarter, equaled the Super Bowl record with three touchdowns. Rice also scored three touchdowns (the second time in his career he'd done that in a Super Bowl) while catching 10 passes for 149 yards. He established career records for receptions, yards, and touchdowns in a Super Bowl.

Young, who scrambled 21 yards and 15 yards to set up touchdowns in the first half, was the game's leading rusher with 49 yards on five carries. San Diego's Means, who rushed for 1,350 yards during the regular season, was limited to 33 yards on 13 attempts.

Chargers quarterback Stan Humphires completed 24 of 49 passes for 275 yards. Rookie Andre Coleman became only the third player in Super Bowl history to return a kickoff for a touchdown, going 98 yards in the third quarter.

The 75 points scored by the two teams established another record, breaking the previous mark of 69 set in Dallas's 52-17 victory over Buffalo in XXVII.

The 49ers' victory was the eleventh straight for NFC teams over AFC teams in the Super Bowl.

THE OUTCOME: 49ERS one the Super Bowl

AWARDS: MVP Steve Young

This event is important because the 49ers became the first team to win five Super Bowls when they routed the Chargers, It became Super Bowl History at that time

Jonathan Larson
1960-1996
New York City, New York, USA

Jonathan Larson was born in White Plains, New York, in Westchester County to a Jewish family. Since he was little he was exposed to the performing arts as music and theater. He played the trumpet and tuba in his high school band, was involved in his school's choir and took formal piano lessons. His early musical influences were rock musicians such as Elton John and Billy Joel, as well as the classic composers of musical theater, especially Stephen Sondheim and the musical Jesus Christ Superstar. Larson was also considered a great actor in high school, performing in lead roles in various productions at White Plains High School. He composed RENT one of the most famous Broadway musical ever in the 90s.On the night of the final rehearsal, one night before Rent's premiere Jonathan Larson suddenly died of an aneurysm from Marfan Syndrom. It was ten days before his 36th birthday. Jonathan Larson never got to see his masterpiece on Broadway.

Important works and awards:

• RENT: Best Musical, Best Book of a Musical, Best Original Score

Larson was an important person in the 1990s because of his works and his intelligence for composing things like his most famous RENT,as you have read it made up to four awards and in that you can see that he realy put his heart into what he loved doing best musicals.

Bill Clinton By Crystal Gonzalez

Bill Clinton

Bill Clinton

August 19, 1946

born Arkansas

Brief Biography:
Bill Clinton won the 1992 Democratic presidential nomination and defeated George Bush to become the fortysecond president of the United States. He was elected to a second term in 1996. As a former president Clinton continues to work for a variety of issues that became important to him during his political career.

Life:born August 19, 1946, Hope, Arkansas U.S. 42nd president of the United States 1990–2001 who oversaw the countrys longest peacetime economic expansion. In 1998 he became only the second U.S. president to be impeached he was acquitted by the Senate in 1999. For a discussion of the history and nature of the presidency presidency of the United States of America.
Early life
Bill Clintons father was a traveling salesman who died in an automobile accident three months before his son was born. His widow Virginia Dell Blythe married Roger Clinton and, despite their unstable union they divorced and then remarried and her husbands alcoholism her son eventually took his stepfathers name. Reared in part by his maternal grandmother Bill Clinton developed political aspirations at an early age they were solidified by his own account in July 1963 when he met and shook hands with President John F. Kennedy.

Education:In 1974 Clinton was a first year law professor and ran for the House of Representatives. He was was defeated but remained undaunted and ran for Attorney General of Arkansas unopposed in 1976. He went on to run for Governor of Arkansas in 1978 and won becoming the youngest governor of the state. He was defeated in the 1980 election but returned to office in 1982. Over the next decade in office he established himself as a New Democrat that could appeal to both Republicans and Democrats.

career:Lawyer public official.

Fun Facts:When he was a child he was mauled by a sheep. He called it the worst beating he ever got.
Clinton is the only president to play the saxophone.
Clinton appointed more women to cabinet positions than any other president. Hillary were married by a Methodist minister in a house Bill had bought.They had a daughter Chelsea Victoria 1980.Her name was inspired by her parents fondness for Judy Collinss 1969 recording of the Joni Mitchell song Chelsea Morning.The President has always loved to read. In fact with the help of his grandfather he learned how to read by the time he was three years old. When he was in elementary school he enjoyed reading Dick and Jane later his favorite books included Black Beauty and The Last of the Mohicans. As a child he was given the nickname Bubba a common southern nickname.
In high school he played the Saxophone as part of a jazz trio called Three Blind Mice. His passion to play the sax continies to this day.
He graduated from Georgetown University in 1968 and from Yale University Law school in 1973.
He was elected governor of Arkansas when he was 32 making him the youngest governor in the United States at that time.
Clinton gave 140 pardons on his last day as President of the United States.
Clinton was impeached on December 19, 1998 by the House of Representatives. This gave him the dubious distinction of being the first elected U.S. President to be impeached.
Some of his successes as president included appointing Justice Ruth Bader Ginsberg to the Supreme Court allow U.S. forces to invade Haiti to return Aristide to power delivering welfare reform and presiding over a budget surplus in his last years in office.
His biggest legislative failure was his health care initiative.

The Hunt for Red October

Date of publication 1984

• written and set in the Cold War.

In The Hunt for Red October the hunters and the hunted play a deadly game of hide-and-seek in fearfulness isolation, within 4,000 miles of ocean as their game board.This book is very suspenseful it realy has a grasp of cutting edge.

Characters:

Marko Alexandrovich a Lithuanian who has risen to high levels of trust in the Soviet Navy

Jack Ryan a former U.S marine and naval historian turns CIA analyst, deduces Ramius plans.

Ramius defection is spurred by several other factors, deeply effected by the death of his wife.

Captain Viktor Tupolev commands a Alfa class attack submarine and who is a former student of Ramius.

This novel won best seller

A memorable passage from The Hunt for Red October starts off by saying "The Americans are good technitions , Comrade captain", Putin said but they are not giants. Their technology is not so awesome.Its funny how he thinks to himself and how he comes to the conclusion that his Nasha Lutcha is better than the Americans.

Historical events By Crystal Gonzalez

Nelson Mandela

Nelson Mandela

born 18 July 1918

birthplace:Village near Umtata

Brief Biography:Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born in a village near Umtata in the Transkei on the 18 July 1918. His father was the principal councillor to the Acting Paramount Chief of Thembuland. After his father s death the young Rolihlahla became the Paramount Chief s ward to be groomed to assume high office. However influenced by the cases that came before the Chief s court he determined to become a lawyer. Hearing the elders stories of his ancestors valour during the wars of resistance in defence of their fatherland he dreamed also of making his own contribution to the freedom struggle of his people.
After receiving a primary education at a local mission school Nelson Mandela was sent to Healdtown a Wesleyan secondary school of some repute where he matriculated. He then enrolled at the University College of Fort Hare for the Bachelor of Arts Degree where he was elected onto the Students Representative Council. He was suspended from college for joining in a protest boycott. He went to Johannesburg where he completed his BA by correspondence took articles of clerkship and commenced study for his LLB. He entered politics in earnest while studying in Johannesburg by joining the African National Congress in 1942.

Life:At the age of twenty four Mandela joined the African National Congress. During the Second World War Mandela along with other young Africans set about taking the ANC message to the millions of lower class black people around South Africa. These young liberals set about firing up the conservative conciliatory methods of the ANC old guard in favor of a radical form of Nationalism based on the principle of national self determination. By 1960 Nelson Mandela was the unchallenged leader of the whole ANC. After the Sharpeville Massacre the ANC was officially banned. A guerrilla arm of the ANC was then formed called Spear of the Nation. Spear of the Nation engaged in Governmental sabotage with Mandela at the forefront. In mid 1962 he was jailed for five years for encouraging strike action. While serving this sentence he was charged with sabotage. Speaking in court in his defence he stated this his actions were the result of a calm and sober assessment of the political situation that had arisen after many years of tyranny exploitation and oppression of my people by the whites. He was sentenced to life imprisonment on the Robben Island Maximum Security Prison.

Education:Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela is a well educated man. He is a great believer in education and life long learning. It was at the Wesleyan mission school that he first attended that he was given the name Nelson.
This formal schooling was not the only Mandela education though. As the son of a tribal councilor he learned the art of listening which helped in his role as a leader and peacemaker throughout his life.
In terms of formal schooling when Mandelas father died when Nelson was 9 he was taken under the guardianship of the regent Jongintaba. In the usual Thembu custom Nelson Mandela school meant initiation at 16 and attendance at Clarkebury Boarding School. Instead of taking the usual three years to complete his Junior Certification Nelson was through in 2 years.
From there he went in 1937 to the usual college for Thembu royalty Healdtown in Fort Beaufort. At the Fort Hare University Nelson Mandela became involved in the Student Representative Council. Following a boycott there he was told to leave and the Nelson Mandela education took a change of direction. Rather than follow through on his guardians wish for an arranged marriage the young Nelson took off to Johannesburg. He completed his Bachelor of Arts studies there through the University of South Africa through correspondence.
Mandela then went on to study law at the University of Witswatersrand. Nelson Mandela university life was interrupted by his involvement in the ANC. He and friend Oliver Tambo opened the first black legal practice in South Africa giving affordable and often free advice to black people who could otherwise not afford it. Mandela continued his legal education while he was in prison too.
When he was put into Robben Island prison Mandela often gave legal advice to both prisoners and prison staff. His love and belief in education was appreciated, and Robben Island became known as the Nelson Mandela University. It was a cruel and tough life in prison but Mandela somehow managed to turn it into a place of learning.

Fun Facts:Nelsons peaceful boyhood was spent cattle herding and other rural pursuits. When his father died Nelsons rich and powerful relative took custody of him. Nelson Mandela was influenced by his African heritage of ritual and taboo. His values and attitudes were shaped by traditions and his royal privileges.
He was sent to boarding school and later to Fort Hare Missionary College. He was expelled from college for helping to organize a strike against the white colonial rule of the institution. He then became involved in other protests against the white colonial rule. In doing so he set out for personal and national liberation. He ran away from home to avoid an arranged marriage. Later he graduated from the University of South Africa with a degree in law. He joined a law firm as an apprentice. In 1942 Nelson joined the African National Congress ANC which at the time was polite to the government. Soon Nelson Mandela had persuaded the ANC to use boycotts and strikes against the government instead of being polite. He was arrested for civil disobedience and was not allowed to attend gatherings.In his spare time Nelson Mandela studied to become a lawyer so that he could protect blacks. Work as a lawyer strengthened his feelings against apartheid which segregated and discriminated against blacks in South Africa. Nelson was particularly active during the 1950’s.

Awards won:Mandela has received more than two hundred and fifty awards over four decades most notably the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993.

Jurassic Park/Literature By Crystal Gonzalez

Jurassic Park

Michael Crichton

October 23, 1942 – November 4, 2008

John Michael Crichton was born in Chicago.

Brief Biology:Michael Crichton was born in Chicago Illinois but grew up in Roslyn New York. His father was a journalist and encouraged him to write and to type. Michael gave up studying English at Harvard University having become disillusioned with the teaching standards the final straw came when he submitted an essay by George Orwell that was given a B. After giving up English and spending a year in Europe Michael returned to Boston Massachusetts and attended Havard Medical School to train as a doctor. Several times he was persuaded not to quit the course but did so after qualifying.During his medical student days he wrote novels secretly. One of them, A Case of Need written under the pseudonym Jeffery Hudson contained references to people at Harvard Medical School but he couldnt hide his identity when the novel won an awardthat had to be collected in person. After giving up medicine Michael moved to Hollywood California, in the early 1970s and began directing movies based on his books his first big break being Westworld 1973.

Life:Michael Crichton has been a physician a teacher a movie director and a screenwriter but he is probably best known for his novels. His writings often combine aspects of science technology and suspense and he has been called a pioneer of the techno thriller with novels such as The Andromeda Strain Sphere and Jurassic Park. Many of his books have been adapted and made into popular movies. He is also the creator of the television series ER.
John Michael Crichton was born in Chicago Illinois and raised on Long Island in New York. His father was a journalist and Crichton has said that his own broad knowledge may have come from his fathers wide interests. His mother also regularly took her children to museums plays and movies. Crichton was often ill as a child which led him to spend much time indoors playing with electric trains and performing amateur scientific experiments.
The young Crichton also began to write. At fourteen years of age he wrote and sold articles to the New York Times travel section. In 1964 he earned a bachelors degree from Harvard University. The following year Crichton entered Harvards medical school where he began to write novels in order to support his medical studies. He used the pen name a fictional name adopted by an author who does not want to use his real name John Lange.

Education: Crichton attended Harvard College and graduated summa cum laude in 1964. He was the Henry Russell Shaw Traveling Fellow from 1964 to 1965 and Visiting Lecturer in Anthropology at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom in 1965. He graduated from Harvard Medical School in 1969.

Career:Visiting writer Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge 1988.

Fun Facts:He is known for the book Jurassic Park. his first four marriages having ended in divorce in 1987 he married AnneMarie Martin an actress with whom he wrote the screenplay for the film Twister 1996 and with whom he had a daughter. This marriage was dissolved in 2003 and he survived by his daughter and his fifth wife Sherri Alexander. Michael Crichton sued his estranged wife and her lawyer on Thursday claiming they violated a confidentiality deal that was part of the couples pending divorce Reuters reports. AnneMarie Crichton filed for divorce from the Harvard med school graduate and ER co creator in September after 13 years of marriage. Proceedings were apparently supposed to be kept a secret but now Crichton claims that attorney Stephen Kolodny made statements on television earlier this month about the couples marriage and about Crichtons relationship with his 13yearold daughter. The writer also is claiming that AnneMarie knew about Kolodnys plans to discuss the divorce and gave him the thumbs-up according to Reuters. In September shortly after the divorce filing two masked men broke into Crichtons home in suburban Santa Monica tied up the author and his daughter and stole undisclosed personal items. Crichton and his daughter were unharmed.

Awards:Michael Crichton won so many awards he won Technical Achievement Award,Saturn Award,Bram Stoker Award,Best Science Fiction Film,Television Producer of the Year Award in Episodic and many more.One important work of his was coming up with Jerassic Park. He is best known though for his successful Jurassic Park series. The series centered around scientists using DNA and cloning to recreate dinosaurs only to see their experiments go very beyond.This series produced two novels Jurassic Park and The Lost World and a hit film in 1993 which he co wrote with Steven Spielberg. The film spawned two sequels of moderate success. There was never a third book in the series despite much speculation.

Edwin Hubble By Crystal Gonzalez

Edwin Hubble

Edwin Hubble

November 20,1889-September 28,1953

Marshfield,Missouri

Brief Biology:Edwin Hubble for telescope named one of the leading astronomy of the twentieth century.His discovery in the 1920's that countless galaxies exist beyond our own Milky Way galaxy revolutionized our understanding of the universe and our place within it.Hubble a tall and athetic man who excelled at sports and even coached High School basketball for a short while started his professional science career during one of the most exciting reas of astronomy.

Life:Edwin Hubble is known for revolutionizing our view of the universe. Before Hubble everyone believed that the universe was composed of one vast island of stars the Milky Way. Everything that we saw was within it. However Edwin Hubble was able to show that what people thought were spiral nebulae were actually other islands of stars that lay far beyond the breadth of our own galaxy.
Besides this Hubble was able to use the technique he had employed to prove the existence of galaxies to show that the entire universe was expanding.In 1923, Edwin Hubble showed that the spiral nebulae that were presumed to be within our galaxy the Milky Way were actually other galaxies that lay far beyond our. The following year he showed that the Milky Way was just one of many galaxies in the universe.To prove that an object was actually a galaxy they had to measure its distance. To accomplish this they used individually resolved Cepheid variable stars within M31. Cepheid variable stars are very useful in calculating distances to many nearby galaxies. This is because they vary their brightness in a very regular pattern and the duration of the variation is thought to be a direct indicator of their absolute magnitude true brightness. Then by measuring how bright the star appears to be a simple formula can be used to determine the distance assuming you know the absolute magnitude.In the 1930's, Hubble made a mistake in claiming that the galaxies are evenly distributed in space. To prove his point Hubble took a large number of photographs of small regions of the sky. And, except for an area around the Milky Way which he called a zone of avoidance he found galaxies in roughly equal numbers everywhere. Unfortunately for Hubble other scientists disagreed and were able to prove their point.
Harlow Shapely and Adelaide Ames took large pictures of the Northern Hemispheres sky. They noted large discrepancies in the concentration of galaxies. Clyde Tombaugh who had discovered Pluto in 1930, confirmed their conclusions and in 1937 discovered that galaxies are arranged in clusters and superclusters.
Despite his one large mistake Hubble made huge contributions to the field of astronomy and to honor Hubble NASA named the Hubble Space Telescope after him in 1989.

Education:He went to Wheaton High School.His father had a office in chicago.He had a talent an interest for athletics,football.Edwin Hubble was awarded a half fees scholarship to the University of Chicago.He studied Physics astronomy and math. Edwin was awareded his B.S. degree in 1910.Then he was givin another Scholarship to study law at Queens,Oxford.He later became an attorney at louisville,Kentucky.Years after he decided Astronomy was for him and he re-entered Uniersity of Chicago to study doctorate.Where he earned his Phid in 1917 almost immediately after completing the oral defence his dissertation went to fight his first World War.

Career:Edwin Hubble was awarded the 1939 Franklin Medal in Physics for his extensive study of the nebulae particularly those outside our galaxy as a result of which the dimensions of observed space have been greatly increased.
Other awards and honors bestowed on Hubble include
The 1938 Catherine Wolfe Bruce gold medal awarded yearly by the Astronomical Society of the Pacific for outstanding lifetime contributions to astronomy
The 1940 Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society
A 1946 Medal of Merit for outstanding contribution to ballistics research, more specifically for exceptional conduct in providing outstanding services to citizens during World War II
1948 election as an Honorary Fellow of Queens College Oxford for notable contributions to astronomy
Asteroid 2069 Hubble discovered by Indiana University astronomers in 1955, is named for Edwin Powell Hubble as is the Hubble crater on the Moon and the Hubble Space Telescope.
In the latter part of his career Hubble campaigned heartily for astronomy to be considered an area of physics rather than its own discipline. This was primarily so that he and fellow astronomers could be recognized by the Nobel Prize Committee for contributions to astrophysics. Even though Hubble was unsucessful for many years the Committee eventually decided that work in the field of astronomy could be eligible for the Nobel Prize in physics. However the decision came too late for Hubble it was made a few months after his death in 1953. The Nobel Prize has never been awarded posthumously.

FunFacts:At a young age Edwin had an uncanny intellect and a great liking for books especially novels by Jules Verne and H Rider Haggard. He was especially impressed by King Solomons Mines. Right from childhood Hubble had a peculiar interest in astronomy. Young Edwin corresponded with his grandfather who once wrote to his 12year old grandson for questions about Mars. Edwins reply astonished him. His grandfather was so pleased that he had it printed in a Springfield Newspaper He was probably more recognized for his athletic than academic ability. At Wheaton High School he excelled both as a student and as an athlete for he actively participated in athletics and sports His favorite sport at school was football. He excelled in basketball and track events in Chicago. Although he was very famous for breaking the Illinois State high jump record at High School he earned such an excellent reputation as a boxer that a sports promoter wanted him to train for a fight with Jack Johnson the then world heavyweight champion. However, he planned to enter the profession of law when he was selected as Rhodes Scholar and the reason to shift his academic focus was the promise made to his dying father that he would definitely study law.His time at Oxford greatly changed Hubbles entire personality he developed a love for tweed jackets Dunhill pipes sundry British pronunciations and eruptions of bah Jove all of which stayed with him for the rest of his life.He also took a position as a high school Spanish teacher in New Albany Indiana. According to Hubbles biographer Gale Christianson though Hubble was very popular with students especially with girls, who were evidently charmed and fascinated by his sound British diction and Oxford mannerisms Hubble longed to return to science. Hubble did creditably in his job but felt sick at heart because of his love for astronomy. His interest in astronomy however remained with him and he had determined to chuck law for astronomy.Against his better judgment Einstein had argued his elegant equations with an extra factor he called the cosmological constant a sort of antigravity force that kept the universe from collapsing in on it. But suddenly the cosmological constant was unnecessary. Einstein’s instincts had been right after all. Einsteins great blunder had been to doubt himself but Hubbles discovery had repaired what Einstein referred to as the greatest blunder of my life. During a visit to Caltech, the great and grateful physicist traveled to the top of Mount Wilson to see the telescope and thank Hubble personally for delivering him from his folly.Hubble needed to be one up on everyone else so he hungered for more knowledge. He once chafed when an old adversary Adriaan Van Maneen was slated to sit at the head of the dining table on Mount Wilson. It was his due as the astronomer using the Hooker telescope that night Hubble strode into the hall early and swapped napkin rings leaving his own in the prime spot. Van Maneen visibly perplexed took the lesser seat without any protest. Hubbles another trick was to memorize obscure facts from the Encyclopaedia Britannica and then deftly steer the conversation to that very topic. After his companions showed their ignorance he would impress them with his expertise and casually reach for the Britannica for verification.

Tom Clancy

Born in 1947

• Baltimore,Maryland.
  

Clancy was working as an insurance broker until he wrote his first novel in 1984, the Hunt for Red October.The book made the New York Times best seller of president Ronald Reagan. His crafting of plausible military scenaries is so realistic that he has become a favorite of the United States military.Tom has dined with presidents, generals generarly gave him access to ships, subarines and aircraft.Today some of Clancy's books are considerd as requierd reading at U.S. military academies.

• In 1996 Clancy founded Red Storm Entertainment to create and market multimedia computer games based on his stories. Its first game Politika was released in November 1997.


• Ten of Clancy’s books have earned No. 1 rankings on the New York Times best seller list. Nearly fifty million copies of his books have been printed and three have been made into movies.
• His best works was the novels The Hunt for Red October, Red Storm Rising, Patriot Games ect.
• More of his best work was put in to computer games based on his books,i thought that was prettt cool '']

Tom Clancy is important for his potboiling thrillers with political, military, and espionage themes, author Tom Clancy's influence on American popular culture.

Decades project - Science Section

Creating the Genetic Replica: Ian Wilmut

• Ian Wilmut Date of birth: July 7, 1944
• Ian Wilmut was born in Hampton Lucey, England, and raised in the ancient town of Coventry, a medieval town devastated by German bombs during World War II.
• His childhood interest in the outdoors and farming led him to study agricultural studies at the nearby University of Nottingham. Summer internships in focused his interest on embryology. He began to concentrate on animal genetic engineering and received his doctorate at the Uiversity of Cambridge in 1971. His thesis was on the freezing of boar semen. Since his postdoctoral work, he has been in the forefront of genetic research.
• Ian Wilmut was born in Hampton Lucey, England, near Warwick on July 7, 1944. His father, David Wilmut, was a math teacher. Wilmut described himself as a pretty average student.At Darwin College, Cambridge University, Wilmut met researcher Chris Porge who had discovered how to freeze cells in 1949. His father had a severe case of diabetes that caused blindness for the last thirty years of his life. This disease may have been another factor that led Wilmut to develop an interest in this field.In January 1996, Wilmut began the cloning procedure. He took the DNA of a six-year-old Finn Dorset ewe's mammary gland switched off its active genes, and fused it with an egg cell from a Scottish Blackface ewe from which he had removed the genetic material. He used electricity to fuse that mammary cell with its own DNA to the empty egg while it was in a dormant state. He repeated the process with 277 udder cells and eggs from sheep. Only 29 of the eggs actually began to grow and divide into embryos. Wilmut transferred the 29 embryos into surrogate mother sheep. Thirteen became pregnant.
• I believe Iam Wilmut was important to the scientific world because he did something that many thought was impossible. He might of been discouraged by many but he didn't care he chased after his dreams and beliefs. Many of the reasons why he did certain things might of been for his father. His name goes down in history as being the first to clone a animal.

Decades project - Literary section

Two seconds under the world : terror comes to America : the conspiracy behind the World Trade Center bombing

• Jim Dwyer was born on March 4, 1957, native New Yorker.
• Jim Dwyer and Kevin Flynn, native New Yorkers, veteran newspaper reporters, and winners of many awards together and separately, now work at The New York Times. Dwyer is the coauthor or author of three other books. Flynn, a special projects editor at the Times, was the newspaper's police bureau chief on September 11. He previously worked as a reporter for the New York Daily News, New York News day, and the Stamford Advocate.
• Worked at the New York Times
• Became well known for his book Two seconds under the world : terror comes to America : the conspiracy behind the World Trade Center bombing.
• Jim Dwyer was significant because he wrote a book about that fearful day for many of the attempt to bomb the WTC. He wrote from his point of view as well as the people who experienced it too. I think hes brave for even writing this book many would just silence that day and put it in the past.

Key Person - Bill Clinton

William J. Clinton

• August 19, 1946, in the small town of Hope, Arkansas.
• During the administration of William Jefferson Clinton, the U.S. enjoyed more peace and economic well being than at any time in its history. He was the first Democratic president since Franklin D. Roosevelt to win a second term.He proposed the first balanced budget in decades and achieved a budget surplus.After the failure in his second year of a huge program of health care reform, Clinton shifted emphasis, declaring "the era of big government is over." He sought legislation to upgrade education, to protect jobs of parents who must care for sick children, to restrict handgun sales, and to strengthen environmental rules.
• Bill Clinton was president of the United States for two terms, from 1993 to 2001, and is best known as the president who survived impeachment after a sex scandal.
• In 1960, John F. Kennedy was elected President. Two years later, when Bill Clinton was a senior in high school, he was selected to go to Washington, D.C., to be a part of Boys Nation, a special youth leadership conference. When Bill Clinton finished college in 1968, he won a Rhodes Scholarship, which allows select students to study at Oxford University in England
• Playing the saxophone was his favorite pastime. He loved music, practiced every day, and played in jazz ensembles. Each summer, he attended a band camp in the Ozark Mountains. His hard work paid off when he became a top saxophone player at his school and won first chair in the state band's saxophone section.
• In 1976, Bill Clinton was elected Attorney General of Arkansas.
• His most important goal as governor was to enhance the quality of education in the state. He raised teachers' salaries and began a program of testing students after the third, sixth, and eighth grades. He also encouraged parents to participate in their children's education.
• Bill Clinton was a significant figure and the reason i chose him is because i think he has been one of the most successful presidents ever. He truly cared for the people and considered a lot of ways to make things easier for us, from our education to our health care. I believe he is going to be one of the presidents that is going to be really remembered throughout out future history.

AHA Decades Project - Historical section

The 1993 World Trade Center attack

• The World Trade Center bombing in February 26, 1993, has long since been overshadowed by the attack that brought the twin towers down on September 11, 2001.
• An explosion rocked the second level of the parking basement beneath Trade Tower One.
• The blast ripped open a crater 150 feet in diameter and five floors deep, rupturing sewer and water mains and cutting off electricity. Over the hours that followed, more than 50,000 people were evacuated from the Trade Center complex. A stunned nation soon grasped a fact larger than the incident itself, foreign-sponsored terrorism—which had long plagued Western Europe and parts of the Middle East, Africa, and Asia—had come to the United States.
• New York Police Department collecting and studying residue from the blast area. In the course of this work, investigators found a key piece of evidence: a 300-pound fragment of a vehicle that, based on the damage it had sustained, must have been at the very epic center of the blast. Sewage contamination had rendered it unusable for residue analysis, but it bore something much better a vehicle identification number. This was not to be the first fortunate break for investigators. Authorities traced the vehicle to a Ryder truck rental facility in Jersey City, New Jersey, from which it had been reported stolen
• After the September 2001 attack, it was the opinion of many investigators and analysts inside President George W. Bush's administration, that the perpetrators of that attack had a state sponsor which was Iraq.
• The effects of the 1993 world trade center attack affected many people because it was one of the largest commercial complex, home to many businesses, government agencies, and international trade organizations.
  The notion of terrorism on U.S. soil was so distant in 1993 that authorities first assumed the explosion was an accident. But testing detected nitrates at the crater - the first sign that a crude bomb was the real cause.
• I think this event was so significant because it was the first attempt to the world trade center, and even though it was attempted to destroy the WTC in 1993, nobody assumed it was ever going to try and attempt it once again.In my opinion it should of been considered that someone could want to reattempt the event but this time get it right since the first time was sort of like a test attempt.

The Gulf War By Crystal Gonzalez

The Gulf War!

The Gulf War

Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein

August 2,1990-Feb 28,1991

The Gulf of Mexico

Summary: The War was fought between Iraq and allies of Kuwait. From January 16 to February 28, 1991, lasting exactlly44 days altogether. The war had 3 main points of Iraqs job of Kuwait the game and sanctions against the war against Iraq.More than any previous war this war was fought on two very different sides including the war field itself it was fought in the media.The media war was initially staged by Iraq and Kuwait. Iraq relied on its own outmoded media personnel. Iraqs presentations of Saddam Hussein patting intimidated Iraqi infants will forever remain among the more serious moments in the history of international politics.Kuwaits way of dealing with the truth has been much criticized since the war some of the most disturbing reportage has been proven to have been fabricated. Yet Kuwait did win this media war which was a huge part of the process leading to the real war.

Chrongoly:1990
August 2
Iraq invades Kuwait
August 3
The United condemns the invasion and calls to remove Iraqi from Kuwait.
August 4
The European Community alliance of 12 nations forbits imports of Iraqi oil.
August 6
The UN Security Council votes to impose economic sanctions on Iraq.
August 7
President George Bush initiates "Operation Desert Shield" sending American troops to discourage an Iraqi attack
August 10
The Arab League of Middle Eastern nations votes to send troops to aid the U.S. operation.
Mid-August
Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein announces that the 9,000 North American, European, and Australian citizens in Kuwait are now prisoners of Iraq.
August 22
President Bush demandsReserve forces since the Vietnam War.
August 25
The UN Security Council authorizes American naval forces in the Persian Gulf to enforce the trade embargo.
November 29
The UN Security Council issues an ultimatum threatening the use of force if Iraq does not withdraw from Kuwait by January 15, 1991
December 6
Hussein frees the 9,000 hostages.
1991
January 9
Peace comes between US Secretary of State James A. Baker, III and Iraqi representative Tariq Aziz end in a stalemate.
January 10
Congress begins debate on a resolution authorizing President Bush to use force to expel the Iraqis from Kuwait.
January 12
The resolution passes in both houses of Congress by narrow margins.
January 16-17
The Coalition air war begins. Bombers and cruise missiles strike at power plants munitions factories and other strategic targets. The bombardment will last 42 days.
February 15
Hussein offers a peace plan loaded with conditions. Bush calls the proposal "a cruel hoax."
February 21
Iraq and the Soviet Union present a peace treaty. Bush rejects it as inadequate.
February 22
President Bush issues an ultimatum Accept all UN conditions by noon tomorrow or a massive ground campaign will be launched.
February 24
Diversionary forces lure Iraqi forces to the east as the main Coalition force moves in on the Iraqi western flank taking the Iraqi army by surprise. Within two days the Coalition takes 30,000 Iraqi prisoners.
February 25
An Iraqi Scud missile hits an American military barracks in Saudi Arabia killing 28 soldiers and injuring 97 more.
February 26
Iraqi troops try to take the main road out of Kuwait City causing a huge traffic jam.Causing aircraft bomb the road, killing 10,000 Iraqi troops.
February 27
Allies take Kuwait City.
February 27-28
The largest tank battle since World War II takes place. Hundreds of Coalition tanks armored infantry vehicles and combat helicopters destroy 200 Iraqi tanks. February 28
Hussein agrees to end the fighting.
April 3
The UN Security Council orders Iraq to cancel its annexation of Kuwait, assume liability for war damages, andstop all stocks of nuclear and chemical weapons.
April 6
Iraq submits to the terms of the UN order.

George Bush!

George Bush

June 12,1924

Milton Massachusetts

When he was 18 he joined the navy.He survived World War 2.He married Barbra Pierce in January of 1945.They had 6 children.GeorgeRobin (who died as a child) John also known as Jeb, Neil, Marvin, and Dorothy. Yale University in 1968, and Harvard Business School in 1975. George Bush became president of the United States.In 1980 George ran for the Republican nomination for president but lost. George Bush was in a heated battle with Iraq when the First Gulf War broke out when Iraq invaded Kuwait an oil rich bordering country to the South. The War lasted at least a year and cost many lives for both sides. Later successed.We used special forces on foot and tank and air support to aid in the fight.

Greta Garbo!

Greta Garbo

18 September 1905 – 15 April 1990

Greta Garbo worked in hollywood as an actress.Once moving to Hollywood she appeared in only 27 movies yet she remains one of the most popular and recognizable Hollywood stars.In 1941,she did not accept any moreroles an dretired and got her self a apartment in NewYork City.Greta Garbo was a great movie star.Greta appread in silent films.Garbo reportedly entered into a variety of intimate liaisons with men and women, but her long-standing relationship appeared to be with the leading man, John Gilbert whom she agreed to marry but she failed to show up for her wedding.

Selena Quintanilla Perez

Selena was born to Marcela and Abraham Quintanilla on April, 16, 1971. She was the third and last child after Suzzette and Abraham Junior III. As a little girl of 8 years old Selena worked singing at bars, weddings, restaurants, fairs, and such. The band she worked in was called "Selena Y Los Dinos" formed by her father, Abraham Quintanilla. Her sister, Suzzette, played the drums and her brother, Abraham Junior, played the bass.

Selena barely enjoyed her childhood. She used to always play challenging games in school and with neighborhood friends. Dolls were not much her style, Selena was athletic (e.g. running, hide and seek, basket ball, climb trees and such). Instead of having a normal childhood, her father, a professional and experienced Musician and ex-member of the original "Los Dinos" from the nineteen-sixties, influenced Selena and her three brothers to be dedicated Musicians. A boyfriend could have never been on her schedule, considering music as a carrier was a time consuming business.

The Country Tex-Mex band officially started in 1981. The band was considered to be the "family business" of the Quintanilla family. This business was the main source they relied on to put food on the table. Since 1981 until late 80's the family went through very rough times. They barely had money for food, had to apply for food stamps, and on many occassions, they could not afford to pay a motel. Time and patience was what kept them going.

In the late nineteen-eighties Selena Y Los Dinos gained popularity in the western states, which by then Mexican immigrants were more prominent in the United States than ever. Due to all the work imposed by the music business Selena abandoned school. Nevertheless, Selena Y Los Dinos savored their first success in 1986 when Selena received the "Female Vocalist Of The Year" and "Performer Of The Year" awards at the Tejano Music Awards. Since then the band has been among the top winners, taking awards in numerous categories year after year. Selena Y Los Dinos then went from bar performers to national performers. They appeared on "El Show De Johnny Canales", "Siempre En Domingo", "Sabado Gigante", "El Festival De La Calle Ocho" and other prestigious shows.

By the early nineties Chris Perez entered the band as the Guitarist. As it is to expect, Selena without a boyfriend and Chris without a girlfriend, the fortunate Guitarist lost no time in dating the beautiful Vocalist. Selena's father, Abraham, totally opposed to the relationship and threaten to suspend Chris Perez from the music group. This was not seen as a threat at all, Selena could have been a solist and there were Rock 'n Roll bands offering contracts to Chris. The couple had deaf ears for Abraham's threats and married on April 2, 1992.

As Selena's popularity spread through out the Latin world, Yolanda Saldivar, a thirty-two years old certified Nurse in Texas, found Selena in a concert in 1993. In that same year, Yolanda immediately contacted the singer's fan club organization and left numerous messages on the answering machine. Abraham, father and manager of Selena, was intrigued and hired her as the president of Selena's fan club.

A couple of months later, Yolanda met Selena personally and describes her first encounter as "meeting Whitney Houston". Yolanda Saldivar, obsessed or not, gained access to the personal life of Selena. She became the chaperon and intimate friend of Selena Quintanilla. It is rumored that the Nurse and the Vocalist shared secrets. These "secrets" were the bound between these two friends.

Selena not satisfied with all of her music's success, she aspired to be a fashion Designer with Martin Gomez, a professional young Designer in Texas. In 1994 Selena opened her first boutique "Selena, Etc. Inc." located in 5410 Leopard St. Suite B. in the heart of Corpus Christi, Texas. Another two stores followed, one in San Antonio, Texas and another in Monterrey, Mexico. The naked truth is that at that time non of her boutiques were going well.

By early 1995 Yolanda is being confronted by Abraham Quintanilla, who alleges Yolanda Saldivar was stealing money from the fan club. Yolanda denied the accusation. Selena and her father met with the fan club's president to question her about the issue. Yolanda had no concrete answers and Selena suspected she was guilty of fraud. Obviously, Selena felt betrayed.

In March 31, 1995, Yolanda arranges to meet with Selena in the Holiday Inn in Corpus Christi, Texas at 6:00 A.M. The president of the fan club says she wants to give all the documents to Selena in person and in private. The singer agreed to meet with Yolanda in person and in private. When Selena arrives to the motel, Yolanda told her that she was sexually abused in Monterrey, Mexico before arriving to Corpus Christi, Texas. Selena then drove her to the clinic for a general check up. The doctor found no serious evidence of sexual abuse. By around 11:00 A.M. Selena and Yolanda returned to the motel. Once inside the room, Selena asked for the missing documents, Saldivar only returns incomplete documents and checks.

Selena Kept arguing with Yolanda about the missing documents. Selena, not wanting anymore troubles, announced to Saldivar that she's dismissed from her businesses. Selena then walked to the door, Saldivar feared to be dismissed and sue in court, takes a gun out of her purse, points it at Selena and shoots once hitting the upper right side of her back. Bleeding and petrified, Quintanilla ran to the lobby of the motel. According to Rosalinda Gonzales, assistant manager at the motel, and Ruben Deleon, sales Director at the motel, Selena arrived to the lobby yelling: "Help me, help me! I've been shot!." The twenty-three years old woman asked them to call 9-1-1 and slowly laid herself on the floor. A puddle of blood formed. The employees asked Selena who shot her and she replied: "Yolanda in room 158".

Minutes later she was taken to the hospital to only be declared as "clinically death". She lost a great proportion of blood and, as a result, she also lost consciousness along with her life.

Yolanda Saldivar was sentenced to life-in-prison for the murder of Selena Quintanilla Perez. Yolanda is currently serving this sentence in the correctional of Gatesville, Texas since 1995.

Seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, and years pass by but the memory of Selena will always be rememberd within her fans.

The outcome we are left in memory of her and her wonderful music.

German Reunification

• October 3rd, 1990


• took place in Germany
  

Built on August 13, 1961 by the communist regime in East Germany, the Wall divided Berlin for 28 years. It cut right through the center of the city, dividing very important traffic links and separating families and friends. Minefields and border police with shoot-to-kill orders any further attempts by East Germans to look for a better future in the West. While the communists tightened their grip on people’s lives in East Berlin, the western part of the city became a walled-in outpost of freedom and democracy.

On November 9, 1989, the world watched in amazement as joyful crowds gathered on both sides of the Berlin Wall around midnight to celebrate the opening of the border crossings between the eastern and western parts of the city. A peaceful revolution in East Germany had finally cracked this grim symbol of Cold War and political oppression. It announced the beginning of the end of Germany’s postwar division and national unity came less than a year later on October 3, 1990.

• 8 August 1989130 people leave from the German Democratic Republic, the GDR, to the Permanent Representation of the Federal Republic in East Berlin. They are a few of the many thousands who want to leave their home country via Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Poland.



• 4 September 1989 This date is considered to be the start of the so-called Monday demonstrations. Around 1000 people gather in Leipzig and demand more rights and freedom. On the following Mondays there are ever more people who defy the brutal excesses of the security forces.


• 11 September 1989 Hungary opens its borders to Austria. In only three days 15,000 people leave. At the end of September the Soviet and East German government gave 6,000 refugees staying in the German Embassy in Prague permission to leave East Germany.


• 7 October 1989 The Government of the GDR decrees celebrations for the 40th anniversary of the founding of the state. As a reaction to this, people in many cities demonstrate against the regime of the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschland, the SED, [Socialist Unity Party of Germany].



• 9 October 1989 Over 70,000 people march through Leipzig city centre and call for non-violent demonstrations for freedom of opinion and political reforms. One week later they are followed by 120,000 from the whole GDR.


• 18 October 1989 Erich Honecker resigns as Secretary-General of the SED and head of state.


• 3 November 1989 The GDR endorses to leave the country directly via the border to Czechoslovakia. Two days later around 15,000 GDR citizens have arrived in the Federal Republic via this route.



• 8 November 1989 The SED gives up its power in the politburo and resigns.



• 9 November 1989 The symbol of the separation of the two German states, the Berlin Wall, falls to the jubilation of people from east and west.



• 18 March 1990 In the spring free elections are held in the still extant GDR for the first time ever. The people elect a new Chamber of the People, the main aim of which was to prepare for accession to the Federal Republic.



• 5 May 1990 The Two-plus-Four talks start, in which the victorious powers of the Second World War and the Foreign Ministers of the two German states discuss removal of the rights of the Allies in Germany.



• 18 May 1990 The FRG and GDR sign the Treaty on the Creation of an Economic, Currency and Social Union.
  
• 1 July 1990 The GDR adopts large parts of the economic and legal order of the Federal Republic. The deutschmark becomes the sole means of payment.



• 23 August 1990 Before the end of the negotiations on a Unification Treaty between the two German states, the Chamber of the People decides on accession of the GDR to the Federal Republic for 3 October 1990.


• 12 September 1990 The Foreign Ministers of the United States of America, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and France sign the Two-plus-Four Treaty and thus grant Germany full sovereignty.


• 3 October 1990 In the night of 2 and 3 October 1990 the official celebrations for German Unity Day are held. Fireworks light up the sky, bells accompany the joy of the people.


• 2 December 1990 The Germans elect a pan-German parliament. It is the first free election since 1933.

The outcome it had was that two cities reunited together like it was before.